A new copyright agreement signed by Western University will dip into students’ pockets and could open the door to e-mail snooping, the Canadian Federation of Students warns.
Western and the University of Toronto signed a voluntary agreement Jan. 30 with copyright licensing company Access Copyright after the expiration of previous licensing agreements.
The contract imposes a new fee of $27.50 for full-time students and includes controversial provisions that outline a broad definition of copying and monitoring.
The Canadian Federation of Students is raising concerns because it says the agreement allows the two universities to monitor links being shared in e-mails sent by students.
The federation said the monitoring of e-mails would infringe on the right of students to privacy.
“Of course the university may say that that’s not their intention except the agreement positions them to be able to do that, which is what we see as the problem,” said Roxanne Dubois, national chairperson of the federation.
“Frankly we think this is a step in the wrong direction.”
Students at Western also argue that the new fee is unwarranted, said Desirée Lamoureux, vice-president of student services for the Society of Graduate Students at Western.
“There should not be a fee in the first place,” she said. “We’re doing things that are within fair dealing, and with copyright law right now, you do not pay for fair dealing.”
A Western official said the university won’t monitor students e-mails.
Western will survey students to assess the use of paper and digital copying, said Janice Deakin, Western’s vice-president academic and provost.
“There will be no intervention into people’s e-mail. The conditions of privacy and confidentiality would be respected and nothing would happen until such time that the parties agree to a methodology to develop the survey.”
The university also has the ability to leave the agreement within six months if the fairness of the fee is not to its satisfaction, Deakin said.
source..
วันจันทร์ที่ 13 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2555
วันจันทร์ที่ 6 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2555
Chapter 11
Ex.Hitachi company
The information in this News Release (such as price, specifications, service contents, day of issue, contacts, and URLs) was current at the time the news release was issued.
For the most recent information, please contact us.
For the most recent information, please contact us.
October 6, 2011
Hitachi Systems, Ltd.
Tokyo, October 6, 2011--- Hitachi Systems, Ltd. (President and CEO: Naoya Takahashi, Head Office: Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, “Hitachi Systems”) today launched “GNEXT”, a global IT Service Brand that offers one-stop support for the many business challenges faced by its customers’ expansion of their global business operations, focusing on China and Southeast Asia region, with the aim to strengthen and expand its global business. Accordingly, a “GNEXT contact window” for customers in the Global Business Group was established on October 7. Hitachi Systems will also organise “GNEXT Seminars” in Japan on a monthly basis. These seminars will allow Hitachi Systems to better understand customer’s requirements and enable us to provide tailored IT services to meet their needs.
Hitachi Systems, established on October 1, 2011 in a merger between Hitachi Electronics Services, Ltd. (HES) and Hitachi Information Systems, Ltd. (HitachiJoho) aims to become a global services company that provides one-stop, high value-added services to meet the increasingly diverse global IT needs.
Prior to the merger, Hitachi Joho provided Japanese customers with global network services and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) packages. In April 2011 Hitachi Joho started “Overseas Expansion Support Services” focusing on China, Thailand, and Vietnam. For the past three years Hitachi Joho has been providing IT services to around 150 local Japanese oriented customers. On the other hand, HES has for many years been providing services for the repair and maintenance of IT equipment (servers, storage devices, etc.) throughout the world.
With the merger, Hitachi Systems is now able to offer customers the global IT services of both companies and will now work to enhance and expand its service menu. In addition Hitachi Systems will increase its support region of “Overseas Expansion Support Services” from 3 to 7 regions, adding Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines by increasing business partners.
Hitachi Systems targets to provide “GNEXT” solution menu to 300 Japanese oriented customers (accumulated) that have plans to deploy or are already operating in China and Southeast Asia region by the end of fiscal 2012.
The Global IT Service Brand “GNEXT”
The “GNEXT” solution service provides a powerful, one-stop backup support to address the various concerns and desires of customers wanting to conduct global business operations. This support includes survey support during the initial overseas operation study phase, company formation support from the legal, financial, and management aspects before the overseas firm is established, IT system design, assisting in establishment of application procedures, IT infrastructure construction, equipment work, business system construction during the establishment process, and operation support in legal, accounting, and personnel matters as well as assistance in IT system design, operation, and maintenance after the firm’s establishment.
With particular respect to “Overseas Expansion Support Services”, a consortium has been formed that will closely link consulting companies, law firms, accounting firms, local IT vendors, and other entities. It currently comprises seven member firms, with additions to be made as needed. The company has access to all the resources of the Hitachi Group companies, such as the financial services and information which is provided by Hitachi Capital Corporation.
Image of “GNEXT” Overseas Expansion Support Services
Content of “Overseas Expansion Support Services”:
- Overseas operations study period: Diverse survey support
- Providing information on markets (prospects, consumers, competition), operation areas, governments, and legislation
- Prior to company establishment:
- Preparing articles of incorporation, selecting properties, registering and protecting intellectual property (patents, trademarks, designs), surveying IT environment, designing IT systems, etc.
- During company establishment:
- Executing corporation establishment procedures, acquiring sales and marketing approval and licenses, building IT infrastructures, doing equipment work, constructing business systems, opening accounts, company registration, dealing with legal/taxation issues, setting corporate bylaws, preparing employment contracts, etc.
- After company establishment:
- Business operations support Performing legal/financial accounting, structuring personnel systems, training, recruiting personnel, making personnel accommodation arrangements, operating IT systems, providing maintenance support, etc.
- *
- Phrases in bold are services provided directly by Hitachi Systems.
Support Area of “Overseas Expansion Support Services”:
China, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines
- *
- Hitachi Systems plans to expand support region gradually.
Business Partners
China: Shanghai Aqua Consulting
Shanghai Aqua Consulting provides assistance to companies in addressing and solving the many problems involved in starting and conducting overseas operations in China. It offers services beginning with the entry-planning stage, such as amassing information relevant to China, business planning support, and advice on establishing local corporations and dealing with business startup-related problems.
Thailand: A.I. Network (Thailand) Co., Ltd.
A.I. Network Co. has for 15 years been providing one-stop services related to accounting, taxation, and legal matters to Japanese corporations doing business in Thailand. Combining experience and know-how, it offers problem-solving assistance by ascertaining and reporting problems that are hard for top management to recognize and by providing business-related support for management and staff as required.
Thailand: Toyo Business Service
Toyo Business Service aspires to serve as a bridge between Japan and Thailand and to contribute to the business development of companies in both countries. It helps solve troublesome problems for Japanese companies encountering obstacles with Thai laws and business practices, both for firms preparing to do business in Thailand and those already doing so. With its mission of helping companies to conduct economic activities in Thailand smoothly, it is currently providing assistance to 33 Japanese firms ranging from manufacturers to small- and middle-sized service providers to public-listed companies.
Thailand: Nippon Consulting Co., Ltd.
Established in February 1998 in the wake of the Asian currency crisis (sometimes referred to as the “Tom Yam Kung Crisis”), Nippon Consulting Co. has to-date provided service to nearly 400 companies. Focusing on a uniformed support for Japanese firms starting up plant operations in Thailand, it is currently applying its strengths in particular to outsourcing Thailand’s Board of Investment (BOI) business as well as to employee dispatching and labor consulting.
Vietnam: Vietnam Challenge Corporation
With a proven record of achieving results in supporting small- and medium-sized firms expanding their operations into Vietnam, Vietnam Challenge Corporation’s highly experienced Japanese consultants, well-known both in Japan and in Vietnam, have a reputation for putting themselves in the customers’ shoes when providing advice. In the six months since Long Hau Company was formed as the company’s business agent in Tinh Long An in 2010, it has provided support to 15 Japanese companies that have commenced operations in Vietnam.
Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia: SCS Global Holdings Pte. Ltd
SCS Global is a certified public accounting firm founded by partner firms throughout Asia in September 2002. At present, it has established main offices in seven countries and operates as part of a joint venture in another four. Under its motto “One Team, No Borders”, it is providing a uniformed quality service across national borders. The wide range of compliance job services it offers includes consulting services for overseas advance/investment, financial advisory services including M&A advice, financial audit and tax report preparation services, and proxy bookkeeping and corporate secretarial services. These high quality services are available at reasonable rates for Japanese corporations and firms in other countries that are looking to expand into overseas business. From its Singapore headquarters, SCS Global offers consulting services and compliance job services to a broad range of customers, including regional administration offices of Japanese corporations, sales administration companies, and investment firms. The company also makes these services available in Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand, and since these countries have close geographic and business links to Singapore, Hitachi Systems believes that offering these services from Singapore gives the services added value in those countries.
Handling Japan’s domestic side: P&E Directions
P&E Directions provides business growth support and management consulting to assist the progress of client companies in overseas markets from the aspects of both strategy planning and performance support. With its wide-ranging overseas networks in China, other Asian counties, and beyond, it is an elite organization whose work broadly supports overseas market development, particularly for client firms with overseas operations. Annually it plays a coordinating role in numerous business ventures involving Japanese and overseas companies, including strategic alliances, joint businesses, and M&A.
About Hitachi Systems
Hitachi Systems, Ltd. was established on October 1, 2011 as a result of a merger between Hitachi Electronics Services Co., a provider of high quality operation and maintenance services as well as strong support power through platform operation solutions, and Hitachi Information Systems, a firm with a superb track record in the data center service business and vast experience and know-how in design, construction, and operation for a wide range of business systems. Hitachi Systems will combine the technology and know-how cultivated by both companies, industry-leading since the early days of IT in Japan, to support the business growth of its customers by offering genuine one-stop services across the IT lifecycle, from system consulting to system construction, installation, operation, and maintenance. It will strive to be a global service company that will help to realize an enriched society.
For details, see http://www.hitachi-systems.com
For details, see http://www.hitachi-systems.com
For customer inquiries contact
Website inquiry format:https://www.hitachi-systems.com/form/index.html
- *
- When making inquiries, please specify the product name and “GNEXT” in the subject line
For media inquiries contact
วันจันทร์ที่ 30 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2555
Chapter10
Information Technology Pros
1. The world got flexibility
What we think, do or plan must be shared with our co-workers, colleagues and friends. The internet technology has advanced this system to a great extent. The telephone idea (by Alexander Graham Bell) has been modified and made as Cell Phones to increase more flexibility in communication and talk to our dear fellows whenever we require!
2. The sense of responsibility has increased
Let us take ‘Barack Obama- USA President’ as the figure. With the use of networking sites (Twitter and Facebook), blogs, social bookmarking, the leader can approach to the world whenever necessary and we can receive the news and updates which he has done (or wants to be done by us) within a very short period.
3. Easy thinking & evolution in transportation
To think and to research, we need resources to find what our past people has thought, what quotes they have left for us (+information + theory). We can find them by a single click in Search engines (specially Google, Yahoo!). By getting a clear cut idea, we get the chance of contributing the world with new technological ideas and inventions and share what we have learnt throughout our lives.
And throughout the ages, it helped us to evolute the transportation strategy which helps us to visit from a place to another by (Roads, highways, air, water and in the skies!)
4. Saves thousand of lives daily
So, by the point heading I hope you understand I am referring towards Medical Sector development. Each day people are getting relief by the perfect use of Medicine, Hospital Technology with addition of (X-Rays, Laser Treatments) and more on the queue. By the combination of the World Health Organization, various fatal diseases can be overcome and just expelled from specified countries by quick plans and ideas.
5. Increase the sense of Human Rights
The technology can remind of our human rights, basic needs and give updates where relief or worldwide help is necessary. During earthquakes, terrible floods, while co-operation is necessary the World Wide Web can help us to collect the donation by a desired amount.
It is not possible to just figure out everything about the good and bad sides of Information and Technology within a page and article as because it has mixed with every aspects and corners of our lives. Rather, let us look at the side effects, bad sides (cons) which IT-sectors have brought to the Human Society.
Information Technology Cons
It has taken away people’s Privacy
As IT-Sectors have wined the people’s heart worldwide. People are here to share and store any kind of information, private date in their hard drives and private online databases. But due to some Cyber-Criminals, nothing is SO Safe both online and offline. If someone becomes a bit careless, s/he may needs to pay high for it. (It’s serious).
The online community is not safe for Family anymore
Children under age may often share Cell Numbers, Private Email Address which can be hacked by people and can pass it to the criminals who have a blue-print to harm the society. And people are loosing credit card privacy and other payment processing options. Again, there are some sites created by Nasty Guys, which can lead under eighteen teenagers to a different path – That Is Going To Bring Harms To The Nation.
It is going to damage a Human’s Natural Power
We can think, gather human principles (ethical knowledge) and make co-operative relationships between friends and families. But due to harmful aspects of (IT) people are becoming fully technological based. And it can bring huge damage to the society as its taking away the natural thoughts and organic ideas.
It can bring World Destruction without Efficient Administration
This is an extra point which I am writing by remembering various Science Fictions. Great scholars have though about the matter wisely. Til now, we (humans) are possessing the leading place in the world and administering the computer technology. But a day MAY come when the technology is going to administer us in all aspects. It may probably happen that we are converted to the slaves of Technology.
So, by this cons I am not trying to tell that Technology is here to bring harms only, because I myself is a technological man who passes 24 hours browsing computer and talking on phones. But as a part of human society we need to give up a look at the both sides of IT.
sources
1. The world got flexibility
What we think, do or plan must be shared with our co-workers, colleagues and friends. The internet technology has advanced this system to a great extent. The telephone idea (by Alexander Graham Bell) has been modified and made as Cell Phones to increase more flexibility in communication and talk to our dear fellows whenever we require!
2. The sense of responsibility has increased
Let us take ‘Barack Obama- USA President’ as the figure. With the use of networking sites (Twitter and Facebook), blogs, social bookmarking, the leader can approach to the world whenever necessary and we can receive the news and updates which he has done (or wants to be done by us) within a very short period.
3. Easy thinking & evolution in transportation
To think and to research, we need resources to find what our past people has thought, what quotes they have left for us (+information + theory). We can find them by a single click in Search engines (specially Google, Yahoo!). By getting a clear cut idea, we get the chance of contributing the world with new technological ideas and inventions and share what we have learnt throughout our lives.
And throughout the ages, it helped us to evolute the transportation strategy which helps us to visit from a place to another by (Roads, highways, air, water and in the skies!)
4. Saves thousand of lives daily
So, by the point heading I hope you understand I am referring towards Medical Sector development. Each day people are getting relief by the perfect use of Medicine, Hospital Technology with addition of (X-Rays, Laser Treatments) and more on the queue. By the combination of the World Health Organization, various fatal diseases can be overcome and just expelled from specified countries by quick plans and ideas.
5. Increase the sense of Human Rights
The technology can remind of our human rights, basic needs and give updates where relief or worldwide help is necessary. During earthquakes, terrible floods, while co-operation is necessary the World Wide Web can help us to collect the donation by a desired amount.
It is not possible to just figure out everything about the good and bad sides of Information and Technology within a page and article as because it has mixed with every aspects and corners of our lives. Rather, let us look at the side effects, bad sides (cons) which IT-sectors have brought to the Human Society.
Information Technology Cons
It has taken away people’s Privacy
As IT-Sectors have wined the people’s heart worldwide. People are here to share and store any kind of information, private date in their hard drives and private online databases. But due to some Cyber-Criminals, nothing is SO Safe both online and offline. If someone becomes a bit careless, s/he may needs to pay high for it. (It’s serious).
The online community is not safe for Family anymore
Children under age may often share Cell Numbers, Private Email Address which can be hacked by people and can pass it to the criminals who have a blue-print to harm the society. And people are loosing credit card privacy and other payment processing options. Again, there are some sites created by Nasty Guys, which can lead under eighteen teenagers to a different path – That Is Going To Bring Harms To The Nation.
It is going to damage a Human’s Natural Power
We can think, gather human principles (ethical knowledge) and make co-operative relationships between friends and families. But due to harmful aspects of (IT) people are becoming fully technological based. And it can bring huge damage to the society as its taking away the natural thoughts and organic ideas.
It can bring World Destruction without Efficient Administration
This is an extra point which I am writing by remembering various Science Fictions. Great scholars have though about the matter wisely. Til now, we (humans) are possessing the leading place in the world and administering the computer technology. But a day MAY come when the technology is going to administer us in all aspects. It may probably happen that we are converted to the slaves of Technology.
So, by this cons I am not trying to tell that Technology is here to bring harms only, because I myself is a technological man who passes 24 hours browsing computer and talking on phones. But as a part of human society we need to give up a look at the both sides of IT.
sources
วันจันทร์ที่ 23 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2555
chapter9
 |
| Characteristics of good website Content Quality content on your website can provide users with the information they are looking for. Content also allows you to establish yourself as an expert in your field. When your website visitors are looking to make a purchase they will feel more comfortable with your products and services if you have built their trust and confidence through what you have written on your website. Keyword-filled content is also crucial for getting high search engine rankings. Most internet users trust search engines to help them find what they are looking for. Taking the time to create high quality content can have huge payoffs through increased search engine rankings. Simple and Attractive Design The design of a good website should be simple, yet professional. The design should not take away or distract from the content. Websites with excessive use of Flash and moving images can be very distracting. Use design to help you get your message to visitors, not to distract them from the message. Colors should not be hard on the eyes, and text should be easy to read.
unique The most successful websites will stand out from the crowd. There are a number of was that you can make your website stand out: better design, high quality articles, a blog, a newsletter, some type of resource or tool. Find something that would be appealing to your target market. optimized A successful website will be search engine-friendly. Optimization includes things like using page titles and meta tags for all of your pages. Using headers and alt tags for images can also help optimization and accessibility. Even a website that is strong in other areas but weak in optimization may be hard for users to find. |
วันอังคารที่ 18 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Chapter 8
How do search engines work ?
5 search engines on the Internet
วันจันทร์ที่ 10 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2554
Chapter 7 >>
8. Please suggest the ideas to help and support the flooding crisis in Thailand in your web blog.
-I will to invite my friends go to help donations, money, water, and clothes to flood victim. On saturday or sunday,We to go to cook for them. Donations from people in my village to buy tent for Temporary accommodation.
-I will to invite my friends go to help donations, money, water, and clothes to flood victim. On saturday or sunday,We to go to cook for them. Donations from people in my village to buy tent for Temporary accommodation.
I will shared this video on facebook.
วันจันทร์ที่ 3 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2554
วันจันทร์ที่ 26 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554
วันอังคารที่ 13 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554
วันจันทร์ที่ 12 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554
CHAPTER3
* Identify the different between Library of Congress Classification System (LC)
and Dewey Demical Classification system (DDC)
The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries, for example, Australia and Taiwan, R.O.C. It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings or Library of Congress Control Number. Most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC, also called the Dewey Decimal System) is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876.
It has been greatly modified and expanded through 23 major revisions, the most recent in 2011. This system organizes books on library shelves in a specific and repeatable order that makes it easy to find any book and return it to its proper place. The system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries.
A designation such as Dewey 16 refers to the 16th edition of the DDC.
The Library of Congress Classification System (LC)
British library
Thai nation of library
sripatum university library
asean community website
and Dewey Demical Classification system (DDC)
The Library of Congress Classification (LCC) is a system of library classification developed by the Library of Congress. It is used by most research and academic libraries in the U.S. and several other countries, for example, Australia and Taiwan, R.O.C. It is not to be confused with the Library of Congress Subject Headings or Library of Congress Control Number. Most public libraries and small academic libraries continue to use the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC)
The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC, also called the Dewey Decimal System) is a proprietary system of library classification developed by Melvil Dewey in 1876.
It has been greatly modified and expanded through 23 major revisions, the most recent in 2011. This system organizes books on library shelves in a specific and repeatable order that makes it easy to find any book and return it to its proper place. The system is used in 200,000 libraries in at least 135 countries.
A designation such as Dewey 16 refers to the 16th edition of the DDC.
The Library of Congress Classification System (LC)
British library
Thai nation of library
sripatum university library
asean community website
วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 8 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554
OBJECTIVITY & SUBJECTIVITY
The difference between these two important ideas is the difference between fact and opinion. Facts are objective and provably true; however, if no clear facts exist about a topic, then a series of balanced opinions needs to be produced to allow the reader to make up his or her mind; opinions are subjective ideas held by individuals and so are always biased. If unbalanced opinions are presented as if they are facts, they act as propaganda or persuasion, e.g. a newspaper headline might state: "Youngsters are the prime cause of trouble in this area". This is presented as an objective fact but is clearly a subjective opinion.
Factual , based on observation, etc.
Like :
Subjective; The father said he "feels really sick" today.
Objective: The father appears to be pale and he has a red, raised rash on his arms and legs.
An objective fact is a non-biased statement. That is basically stating something with fairness, and not having a personal opinion about it. There are usually objective facts stated all the time on the news.
The difference between these two important ideas is the difference between fact and opinion. Facts are objective and provably true; however, if no clear facts exist about a topic, then a series of balanced opinions needs to be produced to allow the reader to make up his or her mind; opinions are subjective ideas held by individuals and so are always biased. If unbalanced opinions are presented as if they are facts, they act as propaganda or persuasion, e.g. a newspaper headline might state: "Youngsters are the prime cause of trouble in this area". This is presented as an objective fact but is clearly a subjective opinion.
Factual , based on observation, etc.
Like :
Subjective; The father said he "feels really sick" today.
Objective: The father appears to be pale and he has a red, raised rash on his arms and legs.
An objective fact is a non-biased statement. That is basically stating something with fairness, and not having a personal opinion about it. There are usually objective facts stated all the time on the news.
วันอาทิตย์ที่ 4 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2554
Information Society
The Information Society is a society in which the creation, distribution diffusion, use, and manipulation of information is a significant econamic, political, and cultural activity. The knowledge ecnomy is its economic counterpart whereby wealth is created through the economic exploitation of understanding
The Information society is to gain competitive advantage internationally through using IT in a creative and productive way. An information society is a society in which the creation, distribution, diffusion, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity. The knowledge economy is its economic counterpart whereby wealth is created through the economic exploitation of understanding. People that have the means to partake in this form of society are sometimes called digital citizens. As Beniger[1] shows, this is one of many dozen labels that have been identified to suggest that we are entering a new phase of society.
Source
What is Information?
According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories:
Data... data is defined as recorded facts and figures.
Information... information is knowledge derived from data.
Knowledge... knowledge is data which an individual recognizes as relevant ans is thought is aboutm interpreted, stored or used for a purpose
Understanding... understanding is an interpolative and probabilistic process. It is cognitive and analytical. It is the process by which I can take knowledge and synthesize new knowledge from the previously held knowledge. The difference between understanding and knowledge is the difference between "learning" and "memorizing".
Wisdom... wisdom is an extrapolative and non-deterministic, non-probabilistic process. It calls upon all the previous levels of consciousness, and specifically upon special types of human programming (moral, ethical codes, etc.).
The Information society is to gain competitive advantage internationally through using IT in a creative and productive way. An information society is a society in which the creation, distribution, diffusion, use, integration and manipulation of information is a significant economic, political, and cultural activity. The knowledge economy is its economic counterpart whereby wealth is created through the economic exploitation of understanding. People that have the means to partake in this form of society are sometimes called digital citizens. As Beniger[1] shows, this is one of many dozen labels that have been identified to suggest that we are entering a new phase of society.
Source
What is Information?
According to Russell Ackoff, a systems theorist and professor of organizational change, the content of the human mind can be classified into five categories:
- Data: symbols
- Information: data that are processed to be useful; provides answers to "who", "what", "where", and "when" questions
- Knowledge: application of data and information; answers "how" questions
- Understanding: appreciation of "why"
- Wisdom: evaluated understanding
Data... data is defined as recorded facts and figures.
Information... information is knowledge derived from data.
Knowledge... knowledge is data which an individual recognizes as relevant ans is thought is aboutm interpreted, stored or used for a purpose
Understanding... understanding is an interpolative and probabilistic process. It is cognitive and analytical. It is the process by which I can take knowledge and synthesize new knowledge from the previously held knowledge. The difference between understanding and knowledge is the difference between "learning" and "memorizing".
Wisdom... wisdom is an extrapolative and non-deterministic, non-probabilistic process. It calls upon all the previous levels of consciousness, and specifically upon special types of human programming (moral, ethical codes, etc.).
Good and Poor Information
There is a tremendous amount of useful, factual information available online. Unfortunately, it's also very easy to find incorrect or misleading information when searching online.
It can be quite difficult to determine whether the information you find on the internet is good or bad. Lots of incoherent information is posted every day by people simply looking to jump ahead in the search engine rankings.
Have you ever read through an entire article or website, only to realize that you have more questions than you did when you started? You've probably stumbled upon some poor information in your time using the internet. There are different kinds of incorrect information available online; read on to find a description of these different types.
Intentionally Misleading Information - If you've browsed Wikipedia for a fair amount of time you've probably came across a page that was locked. This happens often when celebrities are are involved in scandals or when they pass away. Some of the comments you may encounter are totally inaccurate, while others might be controversial and subject to argument on both sides of the issue.
Wikipedia's administrators lock pages when there are too many edits coming in that present false information. This is especially common for the pages of celebrities with poor reputations, which often have derogatory information posted on them. Visit the page of a controversial celebrity and look at the edit history; you'll almost definitely see some of these edits. This is one of the negatives that come with user contributed sites, and these things must be screened carefully when the open source frameworks permit such easy access by the general public.
Unintentionally False Information - Everywhere you look online, you'll find someone claiming to be an expert and sharing his or her secrets. While they may not be trying to intentionally mislead you, they're often not 100% correct.
Always question the claims of any self-proclaimed experts online. You can double-check the facts behind their statements to be sure that what they're saying is truthful. Most of these people are simply trying to make money, and even though they may not have any malicious intent, the end result still has you believing false information.
Despite all of this, don't be scared to find information online. There's still a huge amount of useful information that can be found on the internet; you just have to do a little extra research sometimes and try to stick to reputable sources. Stick with these sources and more likely than not, you won't be mislead.
Information source
"Source" means the origin of something. An information source is a source of information for somebody, i.e. anything that might inform a person about something or provide knowledge to somebody. Information sources may be observations, people, speeches, documents, pictures, organizations etc. They may be primary sources, secondary sources, tertiary sources and so on.
Primary Sources
Academic research is based on primary sources: original 'material' from the field one is studying, including books, articles and letters written by the people or in the field one is studying, interviews with persons involved in the field, speeches and lectures which they delivered, diaries they kept, etc. Scholars consult primary sources in search of new material and/or insights that have not previously been reported by other scholars, or have been reported differently or perhaps even 'mis-reported' by other scholars.
Secondary Sources
Secondary sources are accounts of events which were created well after the event occurred. Secondary sources are based on primary sources — they are usually studies which analyze, evaluate, interpret, or criticize primary sources. By assessing, repackaging and distributing information, secondary sources make the information more accessible.
Tertiary Sources
In addition to primary and secondary sources, there are also tertiary sources. These are sources that compile or digest other sources. Some reference materials and textbooks are considered tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to list, summarize or simply repackage ideas or other information. Tertiary sources include dictionaries and encyclopedias, Wikipedia and similar user-contributed online 'encyclopedias' and reference material, as well as various digests (including the Reader's Digest and similar) and schoolbooks.
Generally, tertiary sources are not considered to be acceptable material on which to base academic research. However, this depends on the topic being covered and the reason the source is used. If a language scholar is comparing different definitions of terms in a selection of contemporary dictionaries, or describing different shades of meaning of the translation into Finnish of a term from English on the basis of available dictionaries, the use of these dictionaries as sources would not only be entirely appropriate and essential to the research, but also take on the status of primary sources.
Primary Sources
Academic research is based on primary sources: original 'material' from the field one is studying, including books, articles and letters written by the people or in the field one is studying, interviews with persons involved in the field, speeches and lectures which they delivered, diaries they kept, etc. Scholars consult primary sources in search of new material and/or insights that have not previously been reported by other scholars, or have been reported differently or perhaps even 'mis-reported' by other scholars.
Secondary Sources
Secondary sources are accounts of events which were created well after the event occurred. Secondary sources are based on primary sources — they are usually studies which analyze, evaluate, interpret, or criticize primary sources. By assessing, repackaging and distributing information, secondary sources make the information more accessible.
Tertiary Sources
In addition to primary and secondary sources, there are also tertiary sources. These are sources that compile or digest other sources. Some reference materials and textbooks are considered tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to list, summarize or simply repackage ideas or other information. Tertiary sources include dictionaries and encyclopedias, Wikipedia and similar user-contributed online 'encyclopedias' and reference material, as well as various digests (including the Reader's Digest and similar) and schoolbooks.
Generally, tertiary sources are not considered to be acceptable material on which to base academic research. However, this depends on the topic being covered and the reason the source is used. If a language scholar is comparing different definitions of terms in a selection of contemporary dictionaries, or describing different shades of meaning of the translation into Finnish of a term from English on the basis of available dictionaries, the use of these dictionaries as sources would not only be entirely appropriate and essential to the research, but also take on the status of primary sources.
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